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Distillation

Simple Distillation

You will learn about Simple Distillation in this video. The process of heating a liquid mixture to form vapor and then cooling that vapor to get a liquid is called simple distillation. Distillation is used to purify a liquid by separating the components of a liquid mixture. Activity to understand Simple Distillation. Take a mixture of acetone and water in a distillation flask. Put a thermometer in it. Connect the flask to a water condenser. The condenser has cold water running through its jacket to keep the temperature cool. Keep a beaker at the outlet of the condenser. Heat the mixture, keeping an eye on the thermometer. When temperature hits 56 degrees celsius, acetone starts to vaporize. These vapors condense in the water condenser. The condensed acetone gets collected in the beaker. When all the acetone vaporizes, water is left in the flask, acetone is collected in the beaker. In this way, acetone and water get separated by simple distillation. Important note: Boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius. Boiling point of acetone is 56 degrees celsius. As there is sufficient difference between their boiling points, these components can be separated by simple distillation. Simple distillation does not work properly when difference between 2 boiling points is less than 25 degrees celsius. This is because the components do not get separated and purified completely. If we repeat this process multiple times, we will be able to separate these 2 components. However, as this is very time consuming, a special type of distillation called frional distillation is used.\r
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Costa Developers Experience | Fractional Properties

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Costa Developers Home Building Living in Harmony with Nature !

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Costa Rica Real Estate | Costa Developers

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Family Relocates From Canada to Costa Rica! Costa Developers

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koh lanta

La distillation en classe de 5ème

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Nu-Calgon 4050-02 A/C Easy Seal Leak Sealant 2+1 Review

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Nu-Calgon 4050-02 A/C Easy Seal Leak Sealant 2+1Product Review

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2 - 3 oz. pressurized cans, valve and hose

For systems 1.5 tons to fractional, please use the NuCalgon 4050-01 A/C EasySeal-SS

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Dainolite 15123-117 3-Light Crystal Pendant with Oyster Organza Shade, Polished Chrome/Crystal/Organza Review

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Dainolite 15123-117 3-Light Crystal Pendant with Oyster Organza Shade, Polished Chrome/Crystal/OrganzaProduct Review

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Polished chrome finish

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Homo toxicus: PCBs y mercurio en esquimales

Existe un fenómeno denominado "efecto de destilación total" (global distillation effect, en ingles), por el que los componentes orgánicos volátiles, pasan a través de la atmósfera desde las regiones del globo más calientes para condensarse en las regiones superiores más frías, depositándose en la vegetación, suelos y superficies acuosas. Evidencias a nivel global señala la presencia de este tipo de compuestos en pingüinos de la Antártida (Risebrough et., al 1976) y en osos polares (Derocher, 2003) en el Ártico. De igual forma se ha detectado la presencia de COPs en zonas de montaña tan remotas como el Aconcagua en los Andes (Quiroz, 2008), los Himalayas (Yang, 2008), los Alpes (Finizio, 2006) y los Pirineos (Gallegos, 2007) en Europa

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Make Nitric Acid - The Complete Guide

We show 3 ways to make nitric acid based on two different chemical approaches both of which can be done using easily accessible materials.\r
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Warning: The procedures in this video produce large quantities of toxic gases and deal with highly corrosive acids. All work must be performed in a fume hood with proper safety equipment. And all apparatus must be glass to withstand the acids.\r
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Chemically, nitric acid is made by bubbling nitrogen dioxide into water. So the objective in this approach is to generate nitrogen dioxide. This can be done by reing hydrochloric acid, a nitrate salt and copper. Around 80grams of sodium nitrate, over 30 grams of copper and 100mL of hydrochloric acid (37% 12M) are the quantities needed. The ex amount isnt critical. For usable concentrations, the amount of water being converted should be small, around 20-50mL.\r
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Any source of nitrate is usable including potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and even nitrate-based fertilizers. You can use our previous video on testing for nitrates if you want to determine if yours can be used. \r
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The tricky part now is leading the gas into water. Two approaches are shown in the video. In the first approach three containers, such as jars are place inside each other to force the gas to go into the water. This is very inefficient but is very simple to do.\r
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The better approach is to lead the gas out of the generator through a tube and into a chilled container of water.\r
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The water thats converted into nitric acid can be replaced with hydrogen peroxide for better yield.\r
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The chemical waste thats generated contains the valuable copper used before and recovering it is worthwhile due to todays high copper prices. This is simply done by putting in enough aluminum metal that it res with all the acids and copper in solution to create a slurry of copper. This can be filtered to obtain a residue of copper. Its highly contaminated but can still be used to make more nitric acid.\r
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For further information on the chemistry type copper and nitric acid into google. The hydrochloric acid and nitrate salt behave as nitric acid (with nitrate from the salt and protons from the hydrochloric acid) and dissolve the copper releasing nitrogen dioxide gas.\r
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You can use other concentrations of hydrochloric acid but you need to decrease the amount of water added to keep the concentrations the same.\r
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Finally, the last way of making pure nitric acid is to re concentrated sulfuric acid and a pure nitrate salt (NOT fertilizer) and heat it in a glass distillation apparatus to distill over the pure nitric acid. Stoichiometric quantities of both reagents are recommended for maximum yield. \r
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